Chinese from-Conditional Structure: Explained Simply in English

A. The Difference Between That and What

that引导from句通常是介词的主语，用于描述某种事物的存在或状态。例如：

1. She likes that she likes to travel. （她喜欢她喜欢旅行的东西。）

2. He always stands for what is right. （他总是支持正确的东西。）

Note: When using "that" in a from-conditional, it acts as an adjective modifying the noun phrase or verb.

1. We believe that he is honest. （我们相信他是诚实的。）

2. She likes that she always does her homework on time. （她喜欢她总是按时完成作业。）

that引导from句通常用于主语或宾语的位置。

1. She often says what others don’t know. （她经常告诉别人不会知道的东西。）

2. He always tries to explain what he sees. （他总是试图解释他看到的事物。）

that引导from句在这些例句中都以动词的宾语形式出现，表示主动完成或主动选择的动作。

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B. The Difference Between What and How

what引导from句通常用于介词的宾语位置，表示主语的动作或状态。例如：

1. She likes what she did last week. （她喜欢上周做的一件事。）

2. We believe that she was happy when she said it. （我们相信她是开心当她说它的时候。）

3. He always thinks about what he needs to do next. （他会总是考虑下一周要做什么。）

4. She likes that we never ask her questions. （她喜欢我们从来不问她问题。）

5. She usually studies what she doesn’t know anymore. （她通常只复习自己还不知道的内容。）

Note: When using "what" in a from-conditional, it typically acts as the subject of the verb or the object of the sentence.

1. We believe what he didn’t say? （我们相信他说的那件衣服没给他穿？）

that引导from句和what引导from句的区别在于，that通常修饰名词或形容词（adjective/verb phrase），而what则修饰名词或动词（noun/verb）。

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C. The Common Misunderstandings Between What and That

that引导from句在日常英语中非常常见，但在使用时，它有时会与that混淆。需要注意的是：

1. In most cases, "what" will be used as a subject in the sentence.

For example: She likes what others don’t know. （她喜欢别人不知道的东西。）

1. However, when the word is before the from-conditional, it can mean either "that" or "something else."

Examples:

• He always stands for that which is right. （他总是支持正确的东西。）

• She believes what others don’t know? （她相信别人不知道的东西？）

• Use "what" when you want to say something about the noun phrase and use "that" otherwise.

• In some cases, "what" can also mean "something that is not known."

• If a from-conditional follows an intermediate verb (e.g., "because," "since"), that may be replaced with what.

For example: She likes what she heard yesterday. （她喜欢昨天听闻的那些东西。）

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D. Common Mistakes to Avoid When Using What

1. Do not confuse "that" with "what."

2. Use "that" when the from-conditional is an adverb describing a process or activity.

3. Use "what" when the from-conditional is an adjective or verb.

4. Only use what when it follows a noun (adjective/verb) or pronoun.

5. Avoid overloading "that" with multiple modifiers, as this can cause confusion.

6. When using "that," the phrase should be preceded by an intermediate verb (e.g., "because," "since").

7. If you are unsure about how to use a phrase, focus on its meaning and structure instead of getting bogged down in grammar.

8. Remember that "what" often appears after the intermediate verb (e.g., "he always stands for what is right").

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E. Examples of from-Conditionals with Different Phrases

1. What am I doing?

2. She likes what she did yesterday. （她喜欢她昨天做的事情。）

3. That’s not what you’re saying.

4. He often thinks about that thing he wants to learn more about. （他总是考虑着这个新知识。）

5. You always study what you don’t know anymore.

6. We believe what he didn’t say? （我们相信他说的那件衣服没给他穿？）

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F. From-Conditionals and the Limitations of What

1. "What" typically refers to the noun phrase (adjective/verb) or pronoun directly before it.

2. "That" is not commonly used in from-conditional structures, except when following intermediate verbs.

3. Avoid using "that" for adjectives or verb phrases. Use "what" instead.

4. If you need clarity on a meaning, structure the sentence with subject and predicate elements.

5. "What" often serves as a passive phrase (i.e., an object of a preposition).

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We believe what others don’t know? （我们相信别人不知道的东西？）

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